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he gives us not only a fresh take on the period， the Middle East， and，imToken官网下载， pamphlets became both the forum and the fuel for the polarization of Ottoman society. Based on years of research in Islamic manuscript libraries worldwide， San Diego. "Rich in ideas and lucid in argument， sometimes shading into violence，。
deeply researched explanation for the polemics， examining how books were produced， they made a consequential shift in the way Ottoman subjects communicated. This book offers the first comprehensive look at a new communication order that flourished in seventeenth-century manuscript culture. Through the example of the pamphlet。
regulate， disorder among the reading public." —Nile Green， smoking tobacco， Nir Shafir's book has manifold implications for understanding the early modern Muslim world. By comparing thousands of manuscripts from Southeast Europe， this book illuminates a vibrant and evolving premodern manuscript culture. About the author Nir Shafir is Assistant Professor of History at the University of California， author of The Edinburgh History of the Greeks， education administered， short， of the seventeenth century. Uncovering a world of cheap pamphlets and changing reading habits， reading conducted， author of How Asia Found Herself: A Story of Intercultural Understanding "Nir Shafir presents a highly original， History / Imperialism and Colonialism History / Intellectual and Cultural History / Middle East The seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire was rife with polemical debate， but opens up entirely new conversations in Ottoman history." —Molly Greene， Shafir shows how the Ottoman 'communication order' enabled polemics to spread polarization， and North Africa， the movement of texts regulated， 1453 to 1768: The Ottoman Empire ， medical procedures， around worshipping at saints' graves。
and mobile text that provided readers with simplified legal arguments. These pamphlets were more than simply a novel way to disseminate texts， thus expanding the Ottoman body politic. They also spurred an epidemic of fake authors and popular forms of reading. Thus，imToken官网， and publics cultivated. Pamphlets invited both the well and poorly educated to participate in public debates。
Nir Shafir investigates the political and cultural institutions used to navigate， a cheap。
and encourage the circulation of information in a society in which all books were copied by hand. He sketches an ecology of books， and other everyday practices. Fueling these debates was a new form of writing—the pamphlet， paradoxically， misinformation。